Daria Davitti

Reliance on corporate and financial non-state actors in the context of migration has accelerated over the last three decades. The involvement of these actors can, under certain circumstances, bring advantages in terms of providing rapid and reliable access to private funds and professional services. It can, however, also pose crucial challenges in terms of ascertaining legal responsibility when such actors cause or contribute to human rights abuses. Their interests can also influence the framing of irregular migration as a security threat, intensifying borders securitization and militarization. The emerging involvement of financial actors in resourcing humanitarian responses to large-scale refugee movements also has potential opportunities and challenges which are further examined in this entry, not least in shaping the future conceptualization and implementation of international protection.